What happened today in history
What happened on July 21
On July 21 history recorded 60 notable events. 160 people who left a mark were born on this day, and 91 died. Here is the full almanac.
- 60events
- 160births
- 91deaths
- 14observances
Highlights
Highlights
Pope Pontian began his pontificate, succeeding Urban I.
Pope Pontian was the bishop of Rome from 21 July 230 to 28 September 235. In 235, during the persecution of Christians in the reign of the Emperor Maximinus Thrax, Pontian was arrested and sent to the island of Sardinia.
A large earthquake occurred near Crete, triggering a tsunami, and causing widespread destruction around the eastern Mediterranean region.
Year 365 (CCCLXV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known in the West as the Year of the Consulship of Augustus and Valens. The denomination 365 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when
Paulinus was consecrated as the first bishop of York by Justus, the archbishop of Canterbury.
Paulinus was a Roman missionary and the first Bishop of York. A member of the Gregorian mission sent in 601 by Pope Gregory I to Christianize the Anglo-Saxons from their native Anglo-Saxon paganism, Paulinus arrived in England by 604 with the second missionary
July 21
On this day
IV century BC
- 356 BC
356 BCThe Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is destroyed by arson.
III century
IV century
X century
XIII century
XV century
XVI century
XVII century
- 1645
1645Qing dynasty regent Dorgon issues an edict ordering all Han Chinese men to shave their forehead and braid the rest of their hair into a queue identical to those of the Manchus. - 1656
1656The Raid on Málaga takes place during the Anglo-Spanish War. - 1674
1674A Dutch assault on the French island of Martinique is repulsed against all odds.
XVIII century
- 1718
1718The Treaty of Passarowitz between the Ottoman Empire, Austria and the Republic of Venice is signed. - 1774
1774Russo-Turkish War (1768–74): Russia and the Ottoman Empire sign the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca ending the war. It is the first time that an Ottoman ruler surrendered territory largely populated by Muslims and the first time that a separation of secular and spiritual authority in the Ottoman Empire was established. - 1798
1798French campaign in Egypt and Syria: Napoleon's forces defeat an Ottoman-Mamluk army near Cairo in the Battle of the Pyramids.
XIX century
- 1831
1831Inauguration of Leopold I of Belgium, first king of the Belgians. - 1832
1832Signing of the treaty of Constantinople between Britain, France, Russia and the Ottoman Empire, which outlines the borders of the new kingdom of Greece. - 1861
1861American Civil War: First Battle of Bull Run: At Manassas Junction, Virginia, the first major battle of the war begins and ends in a victory for the Confederate army. - 1865
1865In the market square of Springfield, Missouri, Wild Bill Hickok shoots and kills Davis Tutt in what is regarded as the first western showdown. - 1873
1873At Adair, Iowa, Jesse James and the James–Younger Gang pull off the first successful train robbery in the American Old West. - 1877
1877After rioting by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad workers and the deaths of nine rail workers at the hands of the Maryland militia, workers in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, stage a sympathy strike that is met with an assault by the state militia.
XX century
- 1904
1904Louis Rigolly, a Frenchman, becomes the first man to break the 100 mph (161 km/h) barrier on land. He drove a 15-liter Gobron-Brillié in Ostend, Belgium. - 1907
1907The passenger steamer SS Columbia sinks after colliding with the steam schooner San Pedro off Shelter Cove, California, killing 88 people. - 1919
1919The dirigible Wingfoot Air Express crashes into the Illinois Trust and Savings Building in Chicago, killing 12 people. - 1920
1920The "Belfast Pogrom" begins two years of violence with the expulsion of thousands of Catholic shipyard, factory and linen mill workers from their jobs. - 1925
1925Scopes Trial: In Dayton, Tennessee, high school biology teacher John T. Scopes is found guilty of teaching human evolution in class and fined $100. - 1925
1925Malcolm Campbell becomes the first man to exceed 150 mph (241 km/h) on land. At Pendine Sands in Wales, he drives Sunbeam 350HP built by Sunbeam at a two-way average speed of 150.33 mph (242 km/h). - 1936
1936Spanish Civil War: The Central Committee of Antifascist Militias of Catalonia is constituted, establishing an anarcho-syndicalist economy in Catalonia. - 1944
1944World War II: Battle of Guam: American troops land on Guam, starting a battle that will end on August 10. - 1944
1944World War II: Claus von Stauffenberg and four fellow conspirators are executed for the July 20 plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler. - 1949
1949The United States Senate ratifies the North Atlantic Treaty. - 1951
1951Canadian Pacific Air Lines Flight 3505 disappears while flying from Vancouver to Tokyo. The aircraft and its 37 occupants are never found. - 1952
1952The 7.3 Mw Kern County earthquake strikes Southern California with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), killing 12 and injuring hundreds. - 1954
1954First Indochina War: The Geneva Conference partitions Vietnam into North Vietnam and South Vietnam. - 1959
1959NS Savannah, the first nuclear-powered cargo-passenger ship, is launched as a showcase for Dwight D. Eisenhower's "Atoms for Peace" initiative. - 1959
1959Elijah Jerry "Pumpsie" Green becomes the first African-American to play for the Boston Red Sox, the last team to integrate. He came in as a pinch runner for Vic Wertz and stayed in as shortstop in a 2–1 loss to the Chicago White Sox. - 1960
1960Sirimavo Bandaranaike is sworn in as prime minister of Ceylon, becoming the world's first democratically elected female head of government. - 1961
1961Mercury program: Mercury-Redstone 4 mission: Gus Grissom piloting Liberty Bell 7 becomes the second American to go into space (in a suborbital mission). - 1961
1961Alaska Airlines Flight 779 crashes near Shemya Air Force Base in Shemya, Alaska, killing six. - 1964
1964A series of racial riots break out in Singapore. In the next six weeks, 23 die with 454 others injured. - 1969
1969Apollo program: At 02:56 UTC, astronaut Neil Armstrong becomes the first person to walk on the Moon, followed 19 minutes later by Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin. - 1970
1970After 11 years of construction, the Aswan High Dam in Egypt is completed. - 1972
1972The Troubles: Bloody Friday: The Provisional IRA detonate 22 bombs in central Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom in the space of 80 minutes, killing nine and injuring 130. - 1973
1973In Lillehammer, Norway, Mossad agents kill a waiter whom they mistakenly thought was involved in the 1972 Munich Olympics Massacre. - 1976
1976Christopher Ewart-Biggs, the British ambassador to the Republic of Ireland, is assassinated by the Provisional IRA. - 1977
1977The start of the four-day-long Libyan–Egyptian War. - 1979
1979Jay Silverheels, a Mohawk actor, becomes the first Native American to have a star commemorated in the Hollywood Walk of Fame. - 1983
1983The world's lowest temperature in an inhabited location is recorded at Vostok Station, Antarctica at −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F). - 1990
1990Taiwan's military police forces mainland Chinese illegal immigrants into sealed holds of a fishing boat Min Ping Yu No. 5540 for repatriation to Fujian, causing 25 people to die from suffocation. - 1995
1995Third Taiwan Strait Crisis: The People's Liberation Army begins firing missiles into the waters north of Taiwan.
XXI century
- 2001
2001At the conclusion of a fireworks display on Okura Beach in Akashi, Hyōgo, Japan, 11 people are killed and more than 120 are injured when a pedestrian footbridge connecting the beach to JR Asagiri Station becomes overcrowded and people leaving the event fall down in a domino effect. - 2005
2005Four attempted bomb attacks by Islamist extremists disrupt part of London's public transport system. - 2008
2008Ram Baran Yadav is declared the first President of Nepal. - 2010
2010U.S. President Barack Obama signs the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. - 2011
2011NASA's Space Shuttle program ends with the landing of Space Shuttle Atlantis on mission STS-135 at NASA's Kennedy Space Center. - 2012
2012Erden Eruç completes the first solo human-powered circumnavigation of the world. - 2019
2019Yuen Long attack or "721 incident" in Hong Kong. Triad members indiscriminately beat civilians returning from protests while police failed to take action. - 2023
2023The Barbenheimer phenomenon begins as two major motion pictures, Greta Gerwig's fantasy comedy Barbie and Christopher Nolan's epic biographical thriller Oppenheimer, are released in theaters on the same day and audiences, instead of creating a rivalry between the extremely dissimilar films, instead attend and praise both as an informal, surreal double feature. - 2024
2024U.S. President Joe Biden announces he will no longer seek a second term and withdraws from the 2024 election, endorsing Vice President Kamala Harris as she launches her own presidential campaign. - 2025
2025A Bangladesh Air Force Chengdu FT-7BGI crashes shortly after takeoff into Milestone School campus in Dhaka, Bangladesh, killing 35 people and injuring 173.
Best known
Born on July 21
Best known
Died on July 21
Empress Wei (Tang dynasty)
Empress of China (684, 705–710)
Shangguan Wan'er
Chinese politician, poet and concubine
Henry Percy (Hotspur)
14th-century English noble
Edmund Stafford, 5th Earl of Stafford
English noble
Manuel II Palaiologos
Byzantine emperor from 1391 to 1425
Antonio de Mendoza
1st Viceroy of New Spain, (r. 1535–50); 3rd Viceroy of Peru (r. 1551–52)
Holidays and observances
- Christian feast day: Alberic Crescitelli
- Christian feast day: Albert John Luthuli (Episcopal Church)
- Christian feast day: Arbogast
- Christian feast day: Barhadbesciabas
- Christian feast day: Carlos of Brazil (Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church)
- Christian feast day: Daniel (Catholic Church)
- Christian feast day: Lawrence of Brindisi
- Christian feast day: Praxedes
- Christian feast day: Victor of Marseilles
- Christian feast day: July 21 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
- Liberation Day in 1944 (Guam)
- Belgian National Day (Belgium)
- Racial Harmony Day (Singapore)
- Summer Kazanskaya (Russia)
Frequently asked questions
What happened on July 21?
60 documented historical events happened on July 21, from antiquity to the present day. The best known is this: Pope Pontian began his pontificate, succeeding Urban I. On the same day, in another year: A large earthquake occurred near Crete, triggering a tsunami, and causing widespread destruction around the eastern Mediterranean region. On Almanaccolo every event is listed in chronological order, grouped by century, and links to the Wikipedia article it comes from, so you can always read further or check the source. Alongside the events you find who was born and who died on this date, and which observances are celebrated around the world.
Who was born on July 21?
160 people with a Wikipedia article were born on July 21, including Jim Clyburn, Denis Menke, Mallikarjun Kharge. The list spans every era and every field — art, science, politics, sport, entertainment — ordered by year of birth, from the earliest to the most recent. The six featured people are those most has been written about: the ordering uses the length of their Wikipedia article as an indicator of prominence. For each one you find their occupation, year of birth and a link to the full biography.
Who died on July 21?
91 people with a Wikipedia article died on July 21, including Empress Wei (Tang dynasty), Shangguan Wan'er, Henry Percy (Hotspur). The list is in chronological order by year of death and spans all of documented history, from antiquity to the present day. For each person you find their occupation, the year and a link to the Wikipedia biography, where the full story and its sources can be read.
What is celebrated on July 21?
14 observances are celebrated on July 21 around the world: Christian feast day: Alberic Crescitelli, Christian feast day: Albert John Luthuli (Episcopal Church), Christian feast day: Arbogast, Christian feast day: Barhadbesciabas, Christian feast day: Carlos of Brazil (Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church), Christian feast day: Daniel (Catholic Church). The list gathers national holidays, international days and religious or civil observances falling on this date in different countries, as recorded on Wikipedia. Some are fixed and recur on the same day every year; others depend on the local calendar. Each links to the article explaining its origin and meaning.
Keep exploring
Free app
Every day’s history, in your pocket
Almanaccolo greets you each morning with the almanac of the day, sunrise and sunset times and your saved events.
- Today’s almanac, every morning
- Save the events that strike you
- Sunrise, sunset and weather for your city
- Free, no account required

Source: Wikipedia · Calendar