What happened today in history
July
What happened on July 1
On July 1 history recorded 100 notable events. 160 people who left a mark were born on this day, and 116 died. Here is the full almanac.
- 100events
- 160births
- 116deaths
- 35observances
Highlights
Highlights
692
Berhtwald was elected Archbishop of Canterbury.
Berhtwald was the ninth Archbishop of Canterbury in England. His predecessor had been Theodore of Tarsus. Berhtwald begins the first continuous series of native-born Archbishops of Canterbury, although there had been previous Anglo-Saxon archbishops, they did
1523Jan van Essen and Hendrik Vos were burnt at the stake in Brussels (pictured), becoming the first Lutherans executed by the Council of Brabant.
Jan van Essen and Hendrik Vos or Voes, were the first two Lutheran martyrs, executed by the Council of Brabant for their adherence to Reformation doctrine. They were burned at the stake in Brussels on 1 July 1523.
1643The Westminster Assembly of Divines first assembled to restructure the Church of England.
The Westminster Assembly of Divines was a council of divines (theologians) and members of the English Parliament appointed from 1643 to 1653 to restructure the Church of England. Several Scots also attended, and the Assembly's work was adopted by the Church of
July 1
On this day
I century
- 69
69Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor.
VI century
XI century
XV century
XVI century
- 1520
1520Spanish conquistadors led by Hernán Cortés fight their way out of Tenochtitlan after nightfall. - 1523
1523Jan van Essen and Hendrik Vos become the first Lutheran martyrs, burned at the stake by Roman Catholic authorities in Brussels. - 1543
1543Having been defeated in the Battle of Solway Moss in the previous year, the Scots conclude the peace Treaty of Greenwich with the Kingdom of England. In it, they also agree to a marriage between the infant Queen Mary and Prince Edward, son of Henry VIII. - 1569
1569Union of Lublin: The Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania confirm a real union; the united country is called the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth or the Republic of Both Nations.
XVII century
- 1643
1643First meeting of the Westminster Assembly, a council of theologians ("divines") and members of the Parliament of England appointed to restructure the Church of England, at Westminster Abbey in London. - 1690
1690War of the Grand Alliance: Marshal de Luxembourg triumphs over an Anglo-Dutch army at the battle of Fleurus. - 1690
1690Glorious Revolution: Battle of the Boyne in Ireland (as reckoned under the Julian calendar).
XVIII century
- 1766
1766François-Jean de la Barre, a young French nobleman, is tortured and beheaded before his body is burnt on a pyre along with a copy of Voltaire's Dictionnaire philosophique nailed to his torso for the crime of not saluting a Roman Catholic religious procession in Abbeville, France. - 1770
1770Lexell's Comet is seen closer to the Earth than any other comet in recorded history, approaching to a distance of 0.0146 astronomical units (2,180,000 km; 1,360,000 mi). - 1782
1782Raid on Lunenburg: American privateers attack the British settlement of Lunenburg, Nova Scotia.
XIX century
- 1819
1819Johann Georg Tralles discovers the Great Comet of 1819, (C/1819 N1). It is the first comet analyzed using polarimetry, by François Arago. - 1823
1823The five Central American nations of Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica declare independence from the First Mexican Empire after being annexed the year prior. - 1837
1837A system of civil registration of births, marriages and deaths is established in England and Wales. - 1841
1841Thomas Lempriere and James Clark Ross carve a marker on the Isle of the Dead in Van Diemen's Land to measure tidal variations, one of the earliest surviving benchmarks for sea level rise. - 1855
1855Signing of the Quinault Treaty: The Quinault and the Quileute cede their land to the United States. - 1858
1858Joint reading of Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace's papers on evolution to the Linnean Society of London. - 1862
1862The Russian State Library is founded as the Library of the Moscow Public Museum. - 1862
1862Princess Alice of the United Kingdom, second daughter of Queen Victoria, marries Prince Louis of Hesse, the future Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse. - 1862
1862American Civil War: The Battle of Malvern Hill takes place. It is the last of the Seven Days Battles, part of George B. McClellan's Peninsula Campaign. - 1863
1863Slavery was abolished in the Dutch colony of Surinam, a date now celebrated as Ketikoti in independent Suriname. - 1863
1863American Civil War: The Battle of Gettysburg begins. - 1867
1867The British North America Act takes effect as the Province of Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia join into confederation to create the modern nation of Canada. John A. Macdonald is sworn in as the first Prime Minister of Canada. This date is commemorated annually in Canada as Canada Day, a national holiday. - 1870
1870The United States Department of Justice formally comes into existence. - 1873
1873Prince Edward Island joins into Canadian Confederation. - 1874
1874The Sholes and Glidden typewriter, the first commercially successful typewriter, goes on sale. - 1878
1878Canada joins the Universal Postal Union. - 1879
1879Charles Taze Russell publishes the first edition of the religious magazine The Watchtower. - 1881
1881The world's first international telephone call is made between St. Stephen, New Brunswick, Canada, and Calais, Maine, United States. - 1881
1881General Order 70, the culmination of the Cardwell and Childers reforms of the British Army, comes into effect. - 1885
1885The United States terminates reciprocity and fishery agreement with Canada. - 1885
1885The Congo Free State is established by King Leopold II of Belgium. - 1890
1890Canada and Bermuda are linked by telegraph cable. - 1898
1898Spanish–American War: The Battle of San Juan Hill is fought in Santiago de Cuba, Cuba.
XX century
- 1901
1901French government enacts its anti-clerical legislation Law of Association prohibiting the formation of new monastic orders without governmental approval. - 1903
1903Start of first Tour de France bicycle race. - 1908
1908SOS is adopted as the international distress signal. - 1911
1911Germany dispatches the gunboat SMS Panther to Morocco, sparking the Agadir Crisis. - 1915
1915World War I: Leutnant Kurt Wintgens of the then-named German Deutsches Heer's Fliegertruppe army air service achieves the first known aerial victory with a synchronized machine-gun armed fighter plane, the Fokker M.5K/MG Eindecker. - 1916
1916World War I: First day on the Somme: On the first day of the Battle of the Somme 19,000 soldiers of the British Army are killed and 40,000 wounded. - 1917
1917World War I: Russia launches an offensive against Austria-Hungary to capture Galicia, its final offensive of the war. - 1917
1917Chinese General Zhang Xun seizes control of Beijing and restores the monarchy, installing Puyi, last emperor of the Qing dynasty, to the throne. The restoration is reversed just shy of two weeks later, when Republican troops regain control of the capital. - 1921
1921The Chinese Communist Party is founded by Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao, with the help of the Far Eastern Bureau of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks), who seized power in Russia after the 1917 October Revolution, and the Far Eastern Secretariat of the Communist International. - 1922
1922The Great Railroad Strike of 1922 begins in the United States. - 1923
1923The Parliament of Canada suspends all Chinese immigration. - 1924
1924The National War Memorial for the Dominion of Newfoundland was inaugurated by Field Marshal Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig in St. John's, Newfoundland. The date commemorates the first day of the Battle of the Somme, where at Beaumont-Hamel, 86 percent of the Royal Newfoundland Regiment was wiped out. - 1931
1931United Airlines begins service (as Boeing Air Transport). - 1931
1931Wiley Post and Harold Gatty become the first people to circumnavigate the globe in a single-engined monoplane aircraft. - 1932
1932Australia's national broadcaster, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, was formed. - 1935
1935In Regina, Saskatchewan, police and Royal Canadian Mounted Police ambush strikers participating in the On-to-Ottawa Trek. - 1942
1942World War II: start of the First Battle of El Alamein. - 1942
1942The Australian Federal Government becomes the sole collector of income tax in Australia as State Income Tax is abolished. - 1943
1943The City of Tokyo and the Prefecture of Tokyo are both replaced by the Tokyo Metropolis. - 1946
1946Crossroads Able is the first postwar nuclear weapon test. - 1947
1947The Philippine Air Force is established. - 1948
1948Muhammad Ali Jinnah (Quaid-i-Azam) inaugurates Pakistan's central bank, the State Bank of Pakistan. - 1949
1949The merger of two princely states of India, Cochin and Travancore, into the state of Thiru-Kochi (later re-organized as Kerala) in the Indian Union ends more than 1,000 years of princely rule by the Cochin royal family. - 1957
1957The International Geophysical Year begins. - 1958
1958The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation links television broadcasting across Canada via microwave. - 1958
1958Flooding of Canada's Saint Lawrence Seaway begins. - 1959
1959Specific values for the international yard, avoirdupois pound and derived units (e.g. inch, mile and ounce) are adopted after agreement between the US, the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries. - 1960
1960The Trust Territory of Somaliland (the former Italian Somaliland) gains its independence from Italy. Concurrently, it unites as scheduled with the five-day-old State of Somaliland (the former British Somaliland) to form the Somali Republic. - 1960
1960Ghana becomes a republic and Kwame Nkrumah becomes its first President as Queen Elizabeth II ceases to be its head of state. - 1962
1962Independence of Rwanda and Burundi. - 1963
1963ZIP codes are introduced for United States mail. - 1963
1963The British Government admits that former diplomat Kim Philby had worked as a Soviet agent. - 1966
1966The first color television transmission in Canada takes place from Toronto. - 1966
1966The People's Liberation Army Rocket Force (The known as the 2nd Artillery Corps) is founded. - 1967
1967Merger Treaty: The European Community is formally created out of a merger between the Common Market, the European Coal and Steel Community, and the European Atomic Energy Commission. - 1968
1968The United States Central Intelligence Agency's Phoenix Program is officially established. - 1968
1968The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons is signed in Washington, D.C., London and Moscow by sixty-two countries. - 1968
1968Formal separation of the United Auto Workers from the AFL–CIO in the United States. - 1972
1972The first Gay pride march in England takes place. - 1976
1976Portugal grants autonomy to Madeira. - 1978
1978The Northern Territory in Australia is granted self-government. - 1979
1979Sony introduces the Walkman. - 1980
1980"O Canada" officially becomes the national anthem of Canada. - 1983
1983A North Korean Ilyushin Il-62M jet en route to Conakry Airport in Guinea crashes into the Fouta Djallon mountains in Guinea-Bissau, killing all 23 people on board. - 1983
1983The Ministry of State Security is established as China's principal intelligence agency - 1984
1984The PG-13 rating is introduced by the MPAA. - 1987
1987The American radio station WFAN in New York City is launched as the world's first all-sports radio station. - 1990
1990German reunification: East Germany accepts the Deutsche Mark as its currency, thus uniting the economies of East and West Germany. - 1991
1991Cold War: The Warsaw Pact is officially dissolved at a meeting in Prague. - 1991
1991The Finnish operator Radiolinja is launched as the world's first GSM network. - 1997
1997China resumes sovereignty over the city-state of Hong Kong, ending 156 years of British colonial rule. The handover ceremony is attended by British Prime Minister Tony Blair, Charles, Prince of Wales, Chinese President Jiang Zemin and U.S. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright. - 1997
1997Space Shuttle program: Space Shuttle Columbia is launched on STS-94, a re-flight of the prematurely-ended STS-83 mission with the same crew. - 1999
1999The Scottish Parliament is officially opened by Elizabeth II on the day that legislative powers are officially transferred from the old Scottish Office in London to the new devolved Scottish Executive in Edinburgh. In Wales, the powers of the Welsh Secretary are transferred to the National Assembly.
XXI century
- 2002
2002The International Criminal Court is established to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and the crime of aggression. - 2002
2002Bashkirian Airlines Flight 2937, a Tupolev Tu-154, and DHL Flight 611, a Boeing 757, collide in mid-air over Überlingen, southern Germany, killing all 71 on board both planes. - 2003
2003Over 500,000 people protest against efforts to pass anti-sedition legislation in Hong Kong. - 2004
2004Saturn orbit insertion of Cassini–Huygens begins at 01:12 UTC and ends at 02:48 UTC. - 2006
2006The first operation of Qinghai–Tibet Railway is conducted in China. - 2007
2007Smoking in England is banned in all public indoor spaces. - 2008
2008Riots erupt in Mongolia in response to allegations of fraud surrounding the 2008 legislative elections. - 2013
2013Croatia becomes the 28th member of the European Union. - 2020
2020The United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement replaces NAFTA. - 2024
2024At the centennial ceremony of the Dominion of Newfoundland National War Memorial, the Commonwealth War Graves Commission allowed an unprecedented second Canadian Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. The Royal Newfoundland Regiment soldier was entombed in the memorial at this ceremony.
Best known
Born on July 1
Best known
Died on July 1
552Totila
King of the Ostrogoths from 541 to 552
1109Alfonso VI of León and Castile
Iberian King (c. 1040 – 1109)
1224Hōjō Yoshitoki
2nd Shikken of the Kamakura shogunate
1242Chagatai Khan
Second son of Genghis Khan and Börte (c. 1184 – 1242)
1277Baybars
Sultan of Egypt and Syria from 1260 to 1277
1321María de Molina
Queen of Castile and León from 1284 to 1295
Holidays and observances
- Christian feast day: Aaron (Catholic Church and Syriac Christianity)
- Christian feast day: Blessed Antonio Rosmini-Serbati
- Christian feast day: Junípero Serra
- Christian feast day: Julius and Aaron
- Christian feast day: Leontius of Autun
- Christian feast day: Oliver Plunkett
- Christian feast day: Servanus
- Christian feast day: Veep
- Christian feast day: July 1 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
- Christian feast day: Feast of the Most Precious Blood of Our Lord Jesus Christ (removed from official Roman Catholic calendar since 1969)
- Armed Forces Day (Singapore)
- Bobby Bonilla Day (United States)
- Canada Day, formerly Dominion Day (Canada)
- Children's Day (Pakistan)
Frequently asked questions
What happened on July 1?
100 documented historical events happened on July 1, from antiquity to the present day. The best known is this: Berhtwald was elected Archbishop of Canterbury. On the same day, in another year: Jan van Essen and Hendrik Vos were burnt at the stake in Brussels (pictured), becoming the first Lutherans executed by the Council of Brabant. On Almanaccolo every event is listed in chronological order, grouped by century, and links to the Wikipedia article it comes from, so you can always read further or check the source. Alongside the events you find who was born and who died on this date, and which observances are celebrated around the world.
Who was born on July 1?
160 people with a Wikipedia article were born on July 1, including Robert Fogel, Carl Hahn, Mohamed Abshir Muse. The list spans every era and every field — art, science, politics, sport, entertainment — ordered by year of birth, from the earliest to the most recent. The six featured people are those most has been written about: the ordering uses the length of their Wikipedia article as an indicator of prominence. For each one you find their occupation, year of birth and a link to the full biography.
Who died on July 1?
116 people with a Wikipedia article died on July 1, including Totila, Alfonso VI of León and Castile, Hōjō Yoshitoki. The list is in chronological order by year of death and spans all of documented history, from antiquity to the present day. For each person you find their occupation, the year and a link to the Wikipedia biography, where the full story and its sources can be read.
What is celebrated on July 1?
35 observances are celebrated on July 1 around the world: Christian feast day: Aaron (Catholic Church and Syriac Christianity), Christian feast day: Blessed Antonio Rosmini-Serbati, Christian feast day: Junípero Serra, Christian feast day: Julius and Aaron, Christian feast day: Leontius of Autun, Christian feast day: Oliver Plunkett. The list gathers national holidays, international days and religious or civil observances falling on this date in different countries, as recorded on Wikipedia. Some are fixed and recur on the same day every year; others depend on the local calendar. Each links to the article explaining its origin and meaning.
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